Aim:- To study and verify Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL) and Kirchhoff's Voltage Law (KVL).
Apparatus Required:-
S.
No. |
Name
of Equipment |
Type |
Range |
Quantity |
1. |
Ammeter |
PMMI |
0-10A. 0-15A |
2, 1 |
2. |
Voltmeter |
PMMI |
0– 300V |
3 |
3. |
Inductive Load |
- |
- |
1 |
4. |
Connecting Wire |
Copper |
0-10 A (2mm) |
-
|
Theory:- Kirchhoff's had discovered two basic laws
dealing with electrical circuit, namely current law and voltage law. These two
laws are extremely useful in solving complex electrical circuit. Kirchhoff's
current law is applicable at a node of the network where two or more than two
branches are connecting together This law state that in any electrical network,
the algebraic sum of the current in all branches meeting at a node is zero
i.ee/= 0.
Kirchhoff's
voltage law is applicable to a closed mesh of the network. A closed mesh may
consist of number of resistance branches only or a branch addition with source
of EMF. Kirchhoff's voltage law states that the algebraic sum of the product of
current and resistance of various branches of a closed mesh plus the algebraic
sum of the EMF in that closed mesh is equal to zero i.e. V +SIR = 0.
Circuit Diagram:-
Observation Table:
Kirchhof’s Current law
S. No. |
A1 (Amps) |
A2 (Amps) |
A3 (Amps) |
A= |
% Error |
1. |
3.2 |
2.3 |
2.3 |
3.25 |
1.56 |
2. |
5.0 |
3.9 |
3.2 |
5.04 |
0.8 |
3. |
6.6 |
5.2 |
3.9 |
6.50 |
0.15 |
4. |
8.4 |
6.8 |
4.6 |
8.20 |
2.9 |
5. |
10.0 |
8.1 |
5.3 |
9.67 |
3.3 |
Kirchhof’s Voltage law
S. No. |
V1 (Volts) |
V2 (Volts) |
V3 (Volts) |
V= |
% Error |
1. |
236 |
52 |
220 |
226.06 |
4.23 |
2. |
236 |
92 |
208 |
227.43 |
3.6 |
3. |
236 |
120 |
192 |
226.41 |
4.08 |
4. |
236 |
144 |
172 |
224.32 |
4.95 |
5. |
236 |
152 |
152 |
214.96 |
8.49 |
Procedure:-
KCL
1.
First
measure the least count of all ammeters A1, A2 and A3
and all voltmeters V1, V2 and V3.
2.
Connect
the circuit as shown in the diagram.
3.
Now,
vary both the resistive and inductive load to obtain different readings of
ammeters A1, A2 and A3. Repeat the procedure
for different observations.
4.
Calculate
percentage error
KVL
1.
Connect
the circuit as shown in the diagram.
2.
Now,
adjust both the rheostat and inductive load to obtain different values of then
take V1, V2 and V3.
3.
Repeat
the same procedure for different observations.
4.
Calculate
percentage error.
Calculation:-
KCL
KVL
% Error =
% Error = 1.56 % %
Error = 4.23 %
Precaution:-
1.
Make
the connections properly.
2.
Note the readings of voltmeters and ammeters
properly.
3.
Remove
insulations from the connecting wire so as the current will flow properly.
4.
Avoid
loose connections and don't touch wire with wet hand.
0 Comments
If you have any doubts/suggestion/any query or want to improve this article, you can comment down below and let me know. Will reply to you soon.